Subject index

Andean ensembles and sound practices

Instruments, ensembles, festive calendars, and collective ways of producing sound in the Andes.

Instruments: Andean bass drum · Andean transverse flute · Andean whistle · Charango · Chirimía of Cauca · Double flute · Erkencho · Gaita of Cajamarca · Kamacheña · Long Andean trumpet · Mohoceño · One-handed flutes · Panpipe · Pinkillo · Quena · Scissors of the Scissors Dance · Siku · Tarka · Traditional violin · Waqra phuku

Bowed chordophones

Instruments whose strings are activated by friction, including local fiddles and monochords.

Instruments: Hathpang · Mbiké · Orellana’s arrabel · Scissors of the Scissors Dance · Traditional violin

Bullroarers

Rotating blades whose movement produces a hum, used as ritual objects, signals, and toys.

Instruments: Bullroarer

Double flutes

Aerophones formed by two simultaneously sounded tubes with melodic or drone functions.

Instruments: Double flute · Gaita of Cajamarca

Duct flutes

Flutes in which a duct directs the breath toward the edge, in both internal and external forms.

Instruments: Buxíxh · External-duct flutes · Natïraixh · Tyopïx · Wax-head flute · Yoresoma · Yoresóx

Friction drums

Instruments whose membrane vibrates through friction transmitted by a rod, cord, or other element.

Instruments: Furro

Historical sources and organological documentation

Chronicles, treatises, images, records, and descriptive problems that shape what is known about instruments.

Instruments: Andean transverse flute · Chirimía of Cauca · Deer-eye rattles · Hathpang · Kamacheña · Mbiké · One-handed flutes · Orellana’s arrabel · Panpipe · South American clarinets

Instruments and animal materials

Instruments made from shells, skulls, bones, horns, hooves, and other animal materials.

Instruments: Animal-skull instruments · Deer-eye rattles · Panpipe · Turtle shell · Waqra phuku

Instruments of the Ava people

Instruments documented among the Ava people of Bolivia and Argentina.

Instruments: Añáchi · Angúa guásu · Angúa rái · Iguaéru · Michi rái · Pinguyo · Temímby guásu · Temímby púku · Temímby ye piása · Turúmi · Wakaránty · Whistles of the Ava people

Instruments of the Chiquitano people

Instruments documented among the Chiquitano people of the Bolivian lowlands.

Instruments: Buxíxh · Natïraixh · Sananáx · Tyopïx · Yoresoma · Yoresóx

Instruments of the Guaporé River

Instruments and musical practices documented among societies of the Guaporé River region.

Musical archaeology

Instruments, images, and sounding spaces preserved in archaeological contexts.

Instruments: Huari whistling bottle · Lithophone · Quena

Musical bows

Chordophones derived from the bow and distributed across South America.

Instruments: Musical bow

One-handed flutes

Flutes played with one hand, commonly together with a drum played by the same musician.

Instruments: Kamacheña · One-handed flutes

Panpipes

Sets of ordered tubes sounded across their open ends, in American and other traditions.

Instruments: Panpipe · Siku · Turtle shell

Pinkillos, tarkas, and Andean duct flutes

Duct flutes associated with Andean consorts, agricultural cycles, and ritual calendars.

Instruments: Mohoceño · Pinkillo · Tarka

Quenas and notch flutes

Open vertical flutes whose edge is formed by a notch in the upper rim.

Instruments: Kamacheña · One-handed flutes · Quena

Rattles and shakers

Shaken or suspended instruments sounded by the collision of moving elements.

Instruments: Deer-eye rattles

Recordings, repertories, and circulation

Processes through which repertories and instruments are recorded, rearranged, and turned into recognizable sonic signs.

Instruments: Andean bass drum · Banda mocha horn · Caña de millo · Charango · Furro · Quena · Siku

Sikus and sikuri bands

Altiplano panpipes and ensembles based on collective and complementary performance.

Instruments: Panpipe · Siku

Struck idiophones

Objects whose own bodies vibrate when struck, including lithophones, shells, and metal pieces.

Instruments: Lithophone · Panpipe · Scissors of the Scissors Dance · Traditional violin · Turtle shell

Traditional clarinets

Single-reed aerophones, with particular attention to South American idioglot forms.

Instruments: Caña de millo · Erkencho · South American clarinets · Traditional clarinets

Transverse flutes

Side-blown flutes, with particular attention to traditional Andean forms.

Instruments: Andean transverse flute · Chirimía of Cauca

Trumpets and horns

Lip-vibrated aerophones, from short horns to long natural trumpets and multiple trumpet sets.

Instruments: Bajón · Banda mocha horn · Iguaéru · Long Andean trumpet · Sananáx · Wakaránty · Waqra phuku

Wax-head flutes

Flutes whose mouthpiece or head uses wax to form or adjust the duct and edge.

Instruments: Wax-head flute

Whistles and whistling vessels

Whistles, bottles, and sounding vessels in traditional and archaeological contexts.

Instruments: Andean whistle · Huari whistling bottle · Whistles of the Ava people